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1、Chapter3Chapter3ManagingEnvironmentalManagingEnvironmentalChange&InnovationChange&InnovationThe Changing Environment of Organizations and ManagersvA certain amount of stability of the environment is essentialvAdapting to change helps managers meet organizational goalsvDealing successfully with chang

2、e can increase efficiency and effectivenessvEnvironmental factors play a major role in determining an organizations success or failurevGeneral Environment:composed of the nonspecific elements of the organizations surroundings that might affect the activities of the organization.The effects of these

3、dimensions on the organization are broad and gradual.vTask environment:Consist of specific elements of the organizations surroundings that are very likely to influence the organization(specific to organization,effects are likely to be direct)vNew EconomyNational borders no longer define an organizat

4、ions operating boundariesTechnology opens up organizations and makes information more accessibleJob opportunities are for knowledge workersPopulation is characterized by cultural diversityBusiness accepts it social responsibilitiesEconomy is driven by small entrepreneurial firmsCustomer needs drive

5、businessvThree Waves Changed the WorldFirstly,Agriculture.Until the late nineteenth century,all economies were agrarian.Secondly,Industrialization.From the late 1800s until 1960s,most developed countries moved from agrarian societies to industrial societies.Third,Information.Information technology i

6、s transforming society from its manufacturing focus to one of serviceThe Organization and Its Environment Environment is of critical importance to the success and failure of any organization.Managers need to have a keen understanding of their environmenthow it affects them and how they can affect it

7、vExternal environment:the forces and institutions outside the organization the potentially can affect the organizations performance.It composes General environment and Task environmentvGeneral Environment:Everything outside an organizations boundaries.The overall context of general environment are E

8、conomic,Legal,Political,Socio-culture,international,and technical forces.Broad economic,socio-cultural,political-legal,demographic,technological,and global conditions that may affect the organization.OwnersEmployeesPhysical EnvironmentBoard of DirectorsCultureFigure 3-1 Organizations General Environ

9、ment DimensionsDimensions of GE Affecting On OrganizationEconomic Dimension:the overall health and vitality of the economic system in which the organization operates;Technological Dimension:methods that available for converting resources into products or services;Sociocultural Dimension:includes the

10、 customs,mores,values,and demographic characteristics of the society in which the organization functionsPoliticallegal Dimension:the extent of government regulation of business and the general relationship between business and governmentInternational Dimension:the extent to which the organization is

11、 affected by business in other countriese.g.“The general environment of McDonald”on pp.34vTask Environment(specific environment):composed of specific groups and organizations that affect the firm,external forces that have a direct and immediate impact on the organization.vDimensions of Task Environm

12、entCompetitors:seeking the same resources as the organizationCustomers:acquire an organizations products or resourcesSuppliers:provide resources for the org.Regulators:control,legislate,or influence the organizations policies or practice,and regulatory agencies or interest groups,strategic partners

13、who are a joint venture or partnership with the organization.McDoonaldsMcDonadsRegulators-Food and Drug administration-Securities and exchange commission-EnvironmentalProtection agencyStrategic Partners-Wal-Mart-Disney-Foreign partnersSuppliers-Coca-cola-Wholesale food processors-Packaging manufactu

14、rersCustomers-Individual consumers-Institutional customersCompetitors-Burger King-Decos-Subway-Dairy QueenThe task environment of McDonald Internal EnvironmentTask EnvironmentInternal EnvironmentvThe internal environment are conditions and Stakeholders forces present and at work within an organizati

15、on.vOrganizational stakeholders:that are any constituencies in the organizations external environment that are affected by the organizations decisions and actions,and they are people an organizations that are directly affected by the behaviors of an organization that have a stake in its performance.

16、vStakeholders Conditions and ForcesOwners,who are persons with legal property right to business;Board of directors,elected by the stockholders and are charged with overseeing the general management of the firm to ensure that it is run in a way that best serves the stockholders interestEmployees,who work for the firm and have a vested interest in its continued operation and existencePhysical work environment:the actual physical environment of the organization and the work that people do.Why Shoul