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1、連詞,Produced by Zhang Yaling,概念,連詞是一種虛詞,它不能獨(dú)立地?fù)?dān)任句子成分,只是連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句子與句子的作用。英語(yǔ)中連詞只要分兩類(lèi)：并列與從屬連詞。并列連詞：用來(lái)連接平行的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句。從屬連詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句。,連詞是用來(lái)連接詞、詞組和句子的虛詞。分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。 并列連詞連接兩個(gè)分句，構(gòu)成并列句。 用從屬連詞引起兩個(gè)分句，構(gòu)成復(fù)合句。,并列連詞： a. 并列關(guān)系：and，as well as, eitherornot onlybut also， bothandneithernor. b. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but，yet，or. c. 因果關(guān)系

2、：for，so. d. 選擇關(guān)系：or，eitheror.并列連詞連接兩個(gè)分句，構(gòu)成并列句。,1. andNow stop blowing, and soon you will find the glass clear again. Ten minutes earlier, and we could have caught the last bus.,and 在此表示條件，等于 if you stop blowing now, you .If we came here ten minutes earlier, we,2. not onlybut also/ as well asNot only

3、 the mother but also the children are sick.The mother as well as the children is sick.,不但媽媽而且孩子也病了。,不但孩子們而且媽媽也病了。,連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 強(qiáng)調(diào)的方面不同，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)上也要調(diào)整。,orThe elephant isnt like a wall, or a spear, or asnake, or a tree, neither is he like a fan.,在否定句中并列成分的列舉通常用or來(lái)連接，不用and。,從屬連詞：用來(lái)連接各種從句。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞有：t

4、hat, if, whether, as連接代詞：who，whom，whose，what which, whatever, whoever, whichever連接副詞：when，where，why， how，wherever, whenever,從屬連詞：用來(lái)連接各種從句。2. 狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：as, when, while, till, notuntil, until, before, since, as soon as, hardly/scarcelywhen, no sooner.than,once, the moment, the minute that, by th

5、e time引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：although, though, even if, even though, no matter+who(what, when, how, where)或 whoever,whatever, wherever, however等as, though(要用倒裝),從屬連詞：用來(lái)連接各種從句。2. 狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：because,as for,since,now that引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：where, wherever引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：so that, in order that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：sothat, suchtha

6、t引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：as, as if (though)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：than, as引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句連詞有：if, unless, so(as) long as, in case, once, as far as, on condition that,從屬連詞：用來(lái)連接各種從句。3. 定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，whose，which，that關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why4. 同位語(yǔ)從句同上（除 that 外）,一. 幾組時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)從句1. till, notuntil, until, before, sinceDont get off the bus un

7、til it has stopped.He waited for his father until (till) it was twelveoclock.It will be five years before he returns fromEngland.,Observe the following sentences.till /until They played volleyball until (till) it got dark.They didnt talk until (till) the interpreter came.He didnt go to bed until (ti

8、ll) his father came back.,Till the last minute of the match we kept on playing.Till he finished his work did he go home.We walked till the edge of the forest.,until 位于句首時(shí)，not 開(kāi)頭的從句中，不能用till。 until/till只能用于時(shí)間。,改為as far as或to,F,幾組時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)從句2. hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, once, as soon as, As soon

9、as I have finished it , Ill give you a call.Once you show any face, he will attack you.We had hardly got into the country when it beganto rain. (Hardly had we got into),一就,幾組時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)從句3. the moment, directly, immediately, the minute that, He made for the door directly he heard the knock.4. each time, e

10、very time, by the timeEach time he came to my city, he would call onme.,一就,Observe the following sentences.1. while 是否可換為when?Please keep quiet while others are studying.A friend of yours came to see you while you were away.,可以。 while = at the time that, during the time that謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為持續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)一般為進(jìn)行時(shí), 或狀態(tài)

11、動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,Observe the following sentences.2. when 是否可換為while?When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.,when 可指一段時(shí)間，也可指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可是終止性的， 也可是延續(xù)性的。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)可以是一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)。,when 不等于 while,when = while,Observe the following se

12、ntences.3. as 是否可換為while,when?As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37.,as 可與when, while通用，但強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊一邊”。,as= when , while,區(qū)別幾組同義詞連詞: 一. when，while，as “當(dāng)時(shí)”* when + 持續(xù)性V. / +終止性V. e.g. He was doing his homework when I came in.* while +持續(xù)性動(dòng)作 ，表示“在時(shí)”; 表示對(duì)比“而” e.g. Stri

13、ke while the iron is hot.I like tea while she likes coffee . * as + 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 -“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”; “一邊一邊” e.g.I met her as I was coming home. (=when)She sang as she walked home.As he talked on he got more and more excited.,幾組連詞區(qū)別,She came up as I was cooking. The runners started as the gun went out.,It was raining

14、when we arrived.When we were at school, we went to the library every day.,Please dont talk so loud while we are working. He feel asleep while/when reading.,和when/while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。,主句的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過(guò)程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。,即可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可以表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。,二 . becau

15、se(因?yàn)?，since（既然）, as(由于) , for (因?yàn)?* “Why did you move there?” “_my father found a job there.”The man fainted(暈倒)_ he was tired and hungry.* _it is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.* _ you cant answer the question, perhaps wed better ask someone else.* The old lady doesnt go out in winter

16、, _ she feels the cold a great deal.,Because,because,As,Since,for,幾組連詞區(qū)別,下列情況只能用because1 回答why問(wèn)句時(shí)2 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中3被 not 否定時(shí),三. so that “以便，為了” (表示目的) = in order that so that “以致于，結(jié)果”(表示結(jié)果) He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.He got up late so that he didnt catch the first bus.It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.She took medicine on time so that she might get well soon.,“為了”,“結(jié)果”,“結(jié)果”,“為了”,sothat ；suchthat “如此以致于” 他是如此聰明的男孩,我們大家都喜歡他.He is _ a clever boy that all of us