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1、Grammar,The Use Of V - ed,分 詞,現(xiàn)在分詞：動詞原形+-ing,過去分詞：動詞原形+-ed,1.語態(tài)上,I heard someone opening the door.I heard the door opened.,2.時間上,現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,過去分詞:表示完成的意思,the changing world the changed world,the falling leaves the fallen leaves,boiling water boiled water,developing countries developed countries,

2、動詞-ed形式作 定語動詞-ed形式作 表語動詞-ed形式作 補語動詞-ed形式作 狀語,作表語,I was very excited that we won the game.,分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài),注意：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)，主語多為物過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人。e.g. He was very excited. The book was rather boring.過去分詞敘述的是人的本身感受；現(xiàn)在分詞敘述的是某一物或事情給予人的感受。,動名詞作表語，表語和主語幾乎處于同等地位，可以互換位置，其句意不變；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表語和主語則不能互換位置。 My jo

3、b is interesting. 我的工作很有趣。My job is teaching maths. 我的工作是教數(shù)學(xué)。誤：Interesting is my job.正：Teaching maths is my job.,動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別,2. Past Participle used as predicative,The shop is _(close).,closed,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ (pay) by the hour.,paid,There are two glasses which are _ (break

4、).,broken,There are two broken glasses.,The person who feels _ (excite) is Ronaldo.,excited,The excited person is Ronaldo.,作定語,1、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.I have read this book written by LuXun.,單詞分詞+被修飾的詞被修飾的詞+分詞短語,2、注意: 不定代詞+單個分詞在修

5、飾something，nothing，anything，someone等詞時要置于它們的后面。There is nothing interesting.There is something missing,The ground is covered by _ (fall) leaves.,fallen,1. Past Participle used as attribute,These _ (want) people are from Hong Kong.,wanted,This will be the best novel of its kind ever _(write).,written

6、,that has ever been written.,Who were the so-called guests _ (invite) to Jacky Chuangs concert last month?,invited,that had been invited,She is drinking _ (boil) water.,boiled,She is drinking the water which was boiled.,分詞一般只在兩類動詞后作補語感覺、感官動詞：see observe notice watch hear smell listen to look at feel

7、 find 使役、致使動詞：catch set have make get start leave keep 此用法中 : 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的主動意義， 過去分詞表示已完成的被動意義,作賓補,He found the door _(lock). 他發(fā)現(xiàn)門鎖上了I watched the boy _(climb) the tree.我看見那男孩正在爬樹。I heard someone _(knock) at the door. 我聽見有人敲門,locked,climbing,knocking,make 后的賓語補足語只用過去分詞，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞She still couldnt make h

8、erself understood in EnglishHe couldnt make himself believedset 后的賓語補足語只用現(xiàn)在分詞，不能用過去分詞The joke set them all laughingHis word set us thinking deeply,注意,注意：,在have或get后面的復(fù)合賓語中，賓語補足語多是過去分詞，而它所表示的動作又往往由別人所完成 We must get the television repaired.我們必須把電視機修好。(請別人修)I am going to have my hair cut.我要去剪頭發(fā)。,區(qū)分have

9、 的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：have sth. to do 有某事要做have sth done 使某事被做have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事have sth. doing 讓某事一直做著,Translation,1. 我有些話要說。,I have some words to say.,2. 昨天我理了發(fā)。,I had my hair cut yesterday.,4. 別讓機器一直開著。,Dont have the machine running.,3. 我叫弟弟寄了一封信。,I had my brother post a letter.,Exercises1、The next morning

10、 she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying2、A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D.smoked,作狀語,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old frie

11、nd of mine.),分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果等，現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的地狀語（通常用不定式表目的地狀語）。,1）表時間狀語（相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的從句）,見到貓，老鼠就跑了Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off,2) 表原因狀語（相當(dāng)于as , since ,because 引導(dǎo)的從句）既然你是一個學(xué)生，你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.）3)表方式、伴隨情況地狀語 ：作伴隨狀語地分

12、詞表示的動作，必須是主語的一個動作，或是與謂語所表示地動作（或狀態(tài)）同時發(fā)生，或是對謂語表示地動詞（或狀態(tài)）作進(jìn)一步地補充說明。She stood there waiting for the bus.她站在那兒等公共汽車,他坐在椅子上看報 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper,4) 表結(jié)果（相當(dāng)于so that引導(dǎo)的從句） Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.5)表條件（相當(dāng)于if , unless引導(dǎo)的從句）Using your head, you will fi

13、nd a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走，你就會看到一座白色地房子。Walking ahead， you will see a white house,現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式過去分詞沒有時態(tài)形式的變化，過去分詞只有一般式，沒有完成式，只有主動式，沒有被動式 現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)形式 having+過去分詞 一般式writing完成式having written現(xiàn)在分詞完成式其所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，常常用作狀語，表示時間或原因。如： Having done his homework，the schoolbo

14、y began to write his diary.這個小學(xué)生做完作業(yè)后，開始寫日記。(having done his homework發(fā)生在began之前，表示時間。),一般式 being+過去分詞 表示被動動作 e.g.I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看見他被警察帶走。,現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài),將否定詞not置于分詞之前 not +分詞Not knowing English, he didnt know what she wanted. 由于不懂英語，他不知道她想要什么。Not having finished his work，he could not leave the office. 由于工作沒干完他不能離開辦公室。,分詞的否定式,Homework,Make use of different learning resources to summarize the rules of v- ing forms.,