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1、新目標(biāo)八年級英語上冊語法復(fù)習(xí)1) leave的用法1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地”。例如：When did you leave Shanghai?你什么時(shí)候離開上海的？2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動身去某地”。例如：Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你為什么要離開上海去北京？2) 情態(tài)動詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會使用should作為情態(tài)動詞用，常常表示意外

2、、驚奇、不能理解等，有“竟會”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來得這么晚？should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事，例如：We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。我們在使用時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來。 2. 用于提出意見勸導(dǎo)別人。例如：You should go to the doctor ifyo

3、u feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服，你最好去看醫(yī)生。3. 用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她隨時(shí)都可能來。 3) What.?與Which.?1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來詢問職業(yè)。如： What is your father?你父親是干什么的？ 該句相當(dāng)于： What does your father do? What is your fathe

4、rs job?Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人。如： -Which is Peter?哪個(gè)是皮特？ -The boy behind Mary.瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。2. What.? 是泛指，所指的事物沒有范圍的限制；而 Which.? 是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如： What color do you like best?（所有顏色）你最喜愛什么顏色？ Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜愛哪一種顏色？（有特定的范圍）3. what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如： Which p

5、ictures are from China? 哪些圖片來自中國？4) 頻度副詞的位置1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些：always（總是，一直）usually（通常）often（常常，經(jīng)常）sometimes（有時(shí)候）never（從不）2.頻度副詞的位置：a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。如：David is often arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b.放在行為動詞前。如：We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在7：10去上學(xué)。c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Sometime

6、s I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.有時(shí)我步行回家，有時(shí)我騎自行車。3.never放在句首時(shí)，主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如：Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。5) everyday與everyday1. every day作狀語，譯為“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天7：10去上學(xué)。I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語。2. everyday 作定語，譯為“日常的”。She watches everyday English

7、 on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。Whats your everyday activity?你的日?；顒邮鞘裁矗?) 什么是助動詞1.協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞（Main Verb）。助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，例如：He doesnt like English.他不喜歡英語。（doesnt是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義）2.助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來： a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如：He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已

8、結(jié)婚。 b. 表示語態(tài)，例如：He was sent to England.他被派往英國。 c. 構(gòu)成疑問句，例如：Do you like college life?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學(xué)過英語嗎？d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如：I dont like him. 我不喜歡他。e. 加強(qiáng)語氣，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。3.最常用的助動詞有：be, hav

9、e, do, shall, will, should, would7) forgetdoing/todo與rememberdoing/todo1.forget to do忘記要去做某事(未做)；forget doing忘記做過某事(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。( 已做過關(guān)燈的動作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來。(t

10、o come動作未做)典型例題- The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。2.remember to do記得去做某事(未做)；remember doing記得做過某事

11、(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎?8) Itsforsb.和Itsofsb.1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如：easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品

12、德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。3.for 與of 的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如： You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。 He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)9) 對兩個(gè)句子的提問新目標(biāo)英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢，現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行自由提問。例如：句子：The b

13、oy in blue has three pens.提問：1. Who has three pens?2. Which boy has three pens?3. What does the boy in blue have?4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?很顯然，學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度，也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如：句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提問：1. Who usually goes to the park with his frie

14、nds at 8:00 on Sunday?2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?6. When does he usua

15、lly go to the park with his friends?10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如：He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如：It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如：He is watching TV in the room.They w

16、ere dancing at nine oclock last night.2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball？5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中： enjoy doing s

17、th樂于做某事finish doing sth 完成做某事feel like doing sth 想要做某事stop doing sth停止做某事forget doing sth忘記做過某事go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事remember doing sth記得做過某事like doing sth喜歡做某事keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事try doing sth試圖做某事need doing sth需要做某事prefer doing st

18、h寧愿做某事mind doing sth介意做某事miss doing sth錯(cuò)過做某事practice doing sth練習(xí)做某be busy doing sth忙于做某事cant help doing sth禁不住做某事12) 英語中的“單數(shù)”1.主語的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如：he,she, it，my friend,his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marys uncle2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：man（單數(shù)）-men（復(fù)數(shù)） banana（單數(shù)）-bananas（復(fù)數(shù)）3.動詞有原形，第三人稱單數(shù)形式，-ing分詞，

19、過去式，過去分詞。如：go-goes-going-went-gonework-works-working-worked-workedwatch-watches-watching-watched-watched當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候，謂語動詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如： The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13) 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的幾種形式名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變

20、化兩種。I 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如：pear-pears hamburger-hamburgersdesk-deskstree-trees2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結(jié)尾的名詞，詞尾加-es。如：class-classesdish-disheswatch-watchesbox-boxes3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞，詞尾加-es。如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesNegro-Negroeshero-heroes4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞，將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如：family-familiesdictionary-d

21、ictionariescity-citiescountry-countries5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v，再加-es。如：half-halvesleaf-leavesthief-thievesknife-knivesself-selveswife-wiveslife-lives wolf-wolvesshelf-shelvesloaf-loaves但是：scarf-scarves(fes) roof-roofsserf-serfs gulf-gulfschief-chiefs proof-proofsbelief-beliefsII 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1.將-o

22、o改為-ee。如：foot-feettooth-teeth2.將-man改為-men。如：man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpostman-postmen3.添加詞尾。如：child-children4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：sheep-sheepdeer-deerfish-fishpeople-people5.表示“某國人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變，其它國把-s加后面”。如：Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese Swiss-SwissEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenAme

23、rican-Americans Australian-AustraliansCanadian-Canadians Korean-KoreansRussian-Russians Indian-Indians6.其它。如：mouse-miceapple tree-apple treesman teacher-men teachers 14) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的-ing分詞初中階段常見的有以下這些：1.letletting讓hithitting打、撞cutcutting切、割getgetting取、得到sitsitting坐forgetforgetting忘記putputting放setsettin

24、g設(shè)置babysitbabysitting臨時(shí)受雇照顧嬰兒2.shopshopping購物triptripping絆stopstopping停止dropdropping放棄3.traveltravel(l)ing旅游swimswimming游泳runrunning跑步digdigging挖、掘beginbeginning開始preferpreferring 寧愿planplanning 計(jì)劃15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如：There are some birds in the tree.There arent any birds in the tree.

25、但是，若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中，some可以不變。如：Would you like some orange juice?與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。2.and變?yōu)閛r。如：I have a knife and a ruler.I dont have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of (=lots of)變?yōu)閙any或much。如：They have a lot of friends.（可數(shù)名詞）They dont have many friends.There is lots of orange in the

26、bottle.（不可數(shù)名詞）There isnt much orange in the bottle.4.already變?yōu)閥et。如：I have been there already.I havent been there yet.16) in與afterin 與 after 都可以表示時(shí)間，但二者有所區(qū)別。1.in 經(jīng)常用于將來時(shí)的句子中，以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來一段時(shí)間。如：He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他會動身去北京。2.after 經(jīng)常用于過去時(shí)的句子中，以過去為起點(diǎn)，表示過去一段時(shí)間。如：He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他動身去了北京。不過，如果after后跟的是具體的時(shí)刻，它也可用于將來時(shí)。如：We will finish the work after ten oclock.十點(diǎn)后我們會完成工作的。3.注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。