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1、人教版初一至初三全程英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)初一年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. I

2、ts time for 6. Whats? It is/ Its7. Where is? Its.8. How old are you? Im.9. What class are you in? Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus? Its.12. I think13. Whos this? This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this? Its.18. Wh

3、at time is it? Its.III. 交際用語(yǔ)1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! Youre welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. Whats your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10.

4、Whos on duty today?11. Lets do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要語(yǔ)法1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1. in/on 在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如： There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。 There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/that/these/those (1)this常常用來指在時(shí)間、

5、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。 Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。 This is mine; thats yours. 這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。 These

6、are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。 (2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如： This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰？3. There be/ haveThere be 有，其確切含意為某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1) There is a

7、 big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊?，There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的有。have表示擁有，占有，具有，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5) That house has fou

8、r rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look! Whats that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物

9、動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4. put on/ / in put on意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽

10、的名詞。in 是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如：Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Please come to

11、 my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示好之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于： (1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的精細(xì)，形容人時(shí)表示的是身體健康，也 可以用來指天氣晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。Thats a fine machine. 那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。Its a fine

12、day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。Its very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人時(shí)指品德好，形容物時(shí)指質(zhì)量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如：Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色

13、小汽車很好。(4)well只可用來形容人的身體好，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：Im very well, thanks. 我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。6. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；7. 本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語(yǔ)。考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子?！局锌挤独?. (2004年北京市中考試題) Ma

14、ry, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞show后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語(yǔ)。2. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞the。3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題) -What _ the number of the girls in

15、 your class? -About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞be的用法和主謂一致。the number作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閕s。4. (2004年陜西省中考試題) There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是There be句型和動(dòng)詞have用法區(qū)別。There be句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物”，

16、不能和動(dòng)詞have混在一起用?！緷M分演練】一. 單項(xiàng)填空1. -What colour is the bike? -Its _ orange.A. an B. a C. / D. the2. That isnt her bag. Its _. A. my B. I C. mine D. me3. -Oh, your kite is very nice. -_. A. Thats right B. No, its not nice C. Yes, it is D. Thank you4. The woman is sixty, but she _ young. A. is B. sees C.

17、looks D. watches5. Its time _ lunch. Lets go home. A. to B. in C. for D. on6. -_ is your coat? -The black one. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How7. -_ is the toy? -Its on the bed. A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose8. The shoes are too old. Put _ over there. A. it B. they C. their D. them9. Excuse me. Ca

18、n you _ my watch, please? A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at10. Look _ the blackboard and listen _ the teacher. A. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after11. -Whose dress is this? -Its _. A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Jim D. Jims12. The girl _ the purple coat is his sister. A. at B. in C. on D. with

19、13. There is a bird _ the tree. A. in B. on C. to D. of14. There are many _ in our school. A. woman teachers B. woman teacher C. women teacher D. women teachers15. -Is there a ball under the desk? -_. A. Yes, it is B. Yes, theres C. No, there isnt D. No, there is16. There _ some books and a pencil o

20、n the desk. A. am B. is C. are D. be17. -Let me help you. -_. A. Youre welcome B. Thanks very much C. Dont worry D. Yes, thanks18. _ old man is _ English teacher. A. The; an B. An; an C. The; the D. A; a19. -What _ five plus six? -Its eleven. A. am B. is C. are D. /20. -What _ you see in the picture

21、? -I can see some flowers. A. must B. can C. are D. do二. 完形填空 This is a picture of Kats _1_. What can we _2_ in the picture? Look _3_ it, please. The man _4_ the black coat is Kates father, Mr. Green. The _5_ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They _6_ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kates

22、 _7_, Jim. _8_ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, hes _9_ brother, Mr. Read. He _10_ young, too.1. A. families B. family C. parents D. brothers2. A. look B. do C. see D.put3. A. at B. after C. for D. up4. A. on B. of C. in D. to5. A. man B. girl C. women D. woman6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking7.

23、 A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt8. A. Whats B. Wheres C. Whos D. How is9. A. his B. her C. our D. their10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very三. 在B欄中找出A欄英語(yǔ)句子的正確答語(yǔ) (A) (B)1. How are you? A. I am in Row 6.2. Can you spell it, please? B. Fine, thank you.3. How do you do? C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book.4. What

24、 row are you in? D. It is ten.5. Whats two plus eight? E. Nice to meet you, too.6. Nice to meet you. F. I am 14.7. How old are you? G. Wang Ping is.8. Whos not here? H. Its here.9. Where is the bag? I. Its a book.10. What is this in English? J. How do you do?四. 完成對(duì)話：在對(duì)話后面的句子中選出正確的填入空白處Jim: Excuse me

25、, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours?Ann: Let me have a look._1_. I think its Sams. My dog is brown.Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the tree._2_?Sam: Sorry, it isnt mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Marys.Jim: _3_?Sam: Shes my friend. Look! Shes over there. Lets go and a

26、sk her.Jim: _4_.Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours?Mary: _5_.Sam: Its a lovely dog! Dont lose it!Mary: Yes, thank you.A. Whos MaryB. OK, lets goC. Oh, no its not mineD. Oh, yes. Its mineE. Is it yours五. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. _ (He) pen is in _ (I) pencil-box.2. _ (You) shoes _ (be) under the bed.3. _ (Who) n

27、ew ruler is this?4. -Are these trousers _ (you)? -No, they arent _ (we)5. Its time _ (go) and play games.6. This is my pen. Please give it to _ (I).7. I have two _ (baby).8. Look! That is a _ (China) car.9. It is _ (my teacher) sweater.10. Now her _ ( parent) are in America.六. 閱讀理解 (A) Bob was born

28、in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capable woman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His