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1、初中英語初一至初三全程知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)初一年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語1. sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. Its t

2、ime for 6. Whats? It is/ Its7. Where is? Its.8. How old are you? Im.9. What class are you in? Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus? Its.12. I think13. Whos this? This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this? Its.18. What t

3、ime is it? Its.III. 交際用語1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! Youre welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. Whats your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Whos

4、 on duty today?11. Lets do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要語法1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1. in/on 在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如： There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。 There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/that/these/those(1)this常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接

5、近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。 Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。 This is mine; thats yours. 這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。 These are a

6、pples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。 (2)在打電話的用語中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如： This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰？3. There be/ haveThere be “有”，其確切含意為“某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物”。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語，be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1) There is a

7、big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊?，There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的有。have表示擁有，占有，具有，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞，與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5) That house has four

8、 rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look! Whats that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)

9、詞，后面能直接跟賓語。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。4. put on/ / in put on意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的

10、名詞。in 是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標(biāo)語和狀語。如：Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Please come to

11、my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示好之意，但前三者既可作表語又可作定語，而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于： (1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的精細(xì)，形容人時(shí)表示的是身體健康，也 可以用來指天氣晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。Thats a fine machine. 那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。Its a fine d

12、ay for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。Its very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人時(shí)指品德好，形容物時(shí)指質(zhì)量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如：Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小

13、汽車很好。(4)well只可用來形容人的身體好，但不能作定語，它也能用作副詞作狀語，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：Im very well, thanks. 我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。初一年級(jí)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be ove

14、r7. come back8. come from9. do ones homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. notat all23. putaway24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the

15、middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factoryII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you spell ?7. May I borrow?III. 交際用語1. Thanks very much!Youre welcome.2. Put it/them

16、away.3. Whats wrong?4. I think so.I dont think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. Whats your favourite sport?10. Dont worry.11.Im (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. Thats right./ Thats

17、 all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-Its Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please? -Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from?-From B

18、eijing.19. Whats your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I dont. ( I dont like them at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at

19、7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要語法1.人稱代詞的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法；4動(dòng)詞have的用法；5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；6可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.Thats right意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如：I think we must help the old man

20、.我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。Thats right.或 Youre right.說得對(duì)。Thats all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”，用來回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如：Many thanks. Thats all right.Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right.All right.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好”Please tell me about it. 請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。All right.好吧。Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“

21、做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口語化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說出”、“說道”，著重所說的話。如： “I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說，“我要坐汽車到那里去?！盤lease say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語說。speak : “說話”，著重開口發(fā)聲，不著重所說的內(nèi)容，一般用

22、作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況？I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說話。speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語說得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞， 不過，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：I would like to talk to him ab

23、out it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell : “告訴”，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語。如：Hes telling me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做飯”解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某

24、一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚從以上短語可引申出另一類短語，不能用some, much或定冠詞。go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like

25、doing sth. 與like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，別的， Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎?others 別的人，別的東西 In the room some pe

26、ople are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國人,其他的是法國人。the other表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one，the otherOne of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 與

27、on the tree.譯成中文均為在樹上但英語中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西）落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時(shí)，要使用on the tree.如： There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。 There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。8. some/ any (1)some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要 注意。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：There is some water in the gl

28、ass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)說人，動(dòng)物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女 a tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬 (2)說一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如： He is hi

29、gh up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。 (3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。 (4)high可作副詞，tall不能。 (5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10. can/ could(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的能力。例如： Can you ride a bike？ 你會(huì)騎自行車嗎？ What can I do for you？ 要幫忙嗎？ Can you make a cake？你

30、會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？(2) can用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說話人的懷疑猜測或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？It surely cant be six oclock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？You cant be hungry so soon，Tom，youve just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過午飯。What can he mean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示允許，may比較正式。例如：You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來。- Can I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？- Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat，Im going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can的過去式，表示