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1、1I.名詞的種類名詞的種類專專有名有名詞詞普通名普通名詞詞國名地名國名地名人名，人名，團(tuán)團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱名稱可數(shù)名可數(shù)名詞詞不可數(shù)名不可數(shù)名詞詞個(gè)體名個(gè)體名詞詞集體名集體名詞詞 抽象名抽象名詞詞物物質(zhì)質(zhì)名名詞詞2II.名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法列表如下現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法列表如下：（參看章振邦語法）：（參看章振邦語法）3規(guī)則規(guī)則例例詞詞1一般情況在一般情況在詞詞尾加尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)

2、結(jié)尾的名尾的名詞詞后后加加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以以-f或或-fe結(jié)結(jié)尾的尾的詞詞變變-f和和-fe為為v再加再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves加加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs4以以輔輔音字母加音字母加y結(jié)結(jié)尾的名尾的名詞詞，變變y為為i加加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母

3、加以元音字母加y結(jié)結(jié)尾的名尾的名詞詞，或或?qū)Ｓ忻忻~詞以以y結(jié)結(jié)尾的，加尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys46以以輔輔音音字母加字母加-o結(jié)結(jié)尾的尾的名名詞詞一般加一般加-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外來不少外來詞詞加加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos兩者皆可兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/

4、volcanos7以元音字母加以元音字母加-o結(jié)結(jié)尾的尾的名名詞詞加加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以以-th結(jié)結(jié)尾的名尾的名詞詞加加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,5 2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：現(xiàn)歸納如下：6 規(guī)則規(guī)則例詞例詞1改改變變名名詞詞中的元音字母中的元音字母或其他形式或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mi

5、ce 2 單單復(fù)數(shù)相同復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集體名一些集體名詞總詞總是用作是用作復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)people,police5部分集體名部分集體名詞詞既可以作既可以作單單數(shù)（整體）也可以作數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成復(fù)數(shù)（成員員）class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別別含含義義customs(海關(guān)),ti

6、mes(時(shí)代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報(bào)紙),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜)7 規(guī)則 例詞7加加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單單復(fù)數(shù)同形復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以以-man或或-woman結(jié)結(jié)尾的改尾的改為為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8 將主體名將主體名詞變?yōu)樵~變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)sons-in-law,lookers-on,passe

7、rs-by,story-tellers,boy friends無主體名無主體名詞時(shí)詞時(shí)將最后將最后一部分一部分變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches將兩部分將兩部分變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)women singers,men servants合合成成名名詞詞表表示示“某某國國人人”His schoolmate8物質(zhì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同：sands大面積沙灘；waters 大面積水域；foods 多種食品，two coffees 兩杯咖啡rubber 橡膠橡膠-rubbers 膠鞋膠鞋stone 石料石料-stones 一塊塊石頭一塊塊石頭egg 蛋白蛋白-eggs

8、一個(gè)個(gè)的蛋一個(gè)個(gè)的蛋l(fā)amb 羔羊肉羔羊肉-lambs 羔羊羔羊onion 洋蔥味洋蔥味-onion 洋蔥頭洋蔥頭9抽象名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同：The teachers met once a year to exchange experience.（經(jīng)驗(yàn)）Please tell us about your experiences in Africa.(經(jīng)歷）Experience 作“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”講，沒有復(fù)數(shù)；作“經(jīng)歷”講，兩種形式均可。10What is the odds?有什么要緊？The odds are against us.我們成功的機(jī)會很小。His remains lie in the chu

9、rchyard.遺體 教堂墓地Here is the remains of a temple.遺跡The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.剩余物11一些以一些以-s結(jié)尾的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，隨后動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)結(jié)尾的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，隨后動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于這些名詞是用作單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)形式取決于這些名詞是用作單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。A barracks營房 was stormed by the enemy troops.Two barracks in the suburbs have been surrounded.郊區(qū)A headquarters總部 was

10、 set up to direct the operation.Their headquarters are in Paris.12The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms.All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.A series of pre-recorded預(yù)先錄制的 tapes has been prepared for language lab use.There are two series of readers:one fo

11、r beginners and one for advanced students.A new species of mammal has been found.Altogether,about 450 species of flatfish比目魚 are known.13a of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 a committee of/a panel of/a board of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，隨后的動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)。A panel of distinguished people has been chosen to judge this competition.It is meeting tomorrow.14and

12、/bothandand/bothand連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The fishing and the hunting in Arizona（亞利桑那州）were good that year.如果作主語的并列結(jié)構(gòu)不是指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，而是表示單數(shù)意義，則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.The secretary and treasurer is absent.備受寵愛的人15or/nor/eitheroror/nor/eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，

13、隨后的動(dòng)詞形式通常按照“就近原則”Either my father or my brothers are coming.Neither the Kansas players nor the coach was overconfident.16as well as as well as,in addition to,with,along with,together with,except等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞形式也取決與主語本身的形式。The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.The father,as wel

14、l as his sons,is going to enroll.17as much asas much as,rather than,more than,no less than等引導(dǎo)的從屬結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，隨后的動(dòng)詞形式依助于的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.His brother rather than his parents is to blame.18以表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語1 如果數(shù)量概念被看做一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果被看做組成該數(shù)量的一個(gè)個(gè)體，則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

15、They thought that sixty-five dollars was not too much to ask.Six months is too short a time.192 如果作主語的名詞詞組是由“分?jǐn)?shù)+of+詞組”構(gòu)成，其動(dòng)詞形式依of詞組中名詞類別而定。Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.Thirty-five per cent of the doctors were women.203 如果主語由”one in/one out of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，在正式語體中，動(dòng)詞也可按就近原則用復(fù)數(shù)。On

16、e in ten students has failed the exam.One in ten students have failed the exam.21以表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語1 all of,some of,none of,half of,most of等表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組，其后的動(dòng)詞形式依照of詞組中的名詞類別而定。Most of the members were there.All of the money has been stolen.222 如果主語是lots of,heaps of,loads of,plenty of+名詞構(gòu)成，表示許多的概念，隨后動(dòng)詞的

17、單復(fù)數(shù)形式也依照of詞組中名詞類別而定。Lots of food is going to waste.Lots of people are waiting outside.233 如果是a portion of,a series of,a pile of,a panel of+名詞構(gòu)成，不管名詞類別為何，動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。A series of accidents has been reported.A pile of logs was set beside the hearth.244 a kind/sort/type of,this kind/sort/type of+名詞構(gòu)成，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

18、There is a kind of rose in the garden,which fills the air with fragrance when May comes.若限定詞是these/those，同時(shí)of詞組的名詞又是復(fù)數(shù)，則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)These kind of men annoy me.256 an average of/a majority of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成，而且明確表示多數(shù)個(gè)體概念，隨后的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果這類主語不表示多數(shù)個(gè)體概念，則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)An average of 25 persons apply each month.An average of 25 applic

19、ations a month is not unusual.26名名詞詞前前客客觀觀性性形形容容詞詞的的排排列列順順序序：slh,sac,omc。這這些些字字母母分分別別指指size(大大 小小),length(長長 短短),height(高高 矮矮),shape(形形 狀狀),age(新新舊舊),color(顏顏色色),origin(來來源源、國國 別別),material(材材 料料),category(類別類別)。27III.名詞的所有格名詞的所有格名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做式叫做 名詞所有格名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加所有格分兩種：一

20、是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)構(gòu)成，二是由介詞成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。示無生命的東西。285 many a+名詞或more than one+名詞構(gòu)成，其意義雖然屬多數(shù)，但隨后的動(dòng)詞仍遵循語法一致，用單數(shù)。Many a man has done his duty.More than one game was lost.291.s所有格的構(gòu)成：所有格的構(gòu)成：單單數(shù)名數(shù)名詞詞在末尾加在末尾加sthe boys father,Jacks book,her son-in-laws photo,復(fù)數(shù)名復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞一般在末尾

21、加一般在末尾加the teachers room,the twins mother,不不規(guī)則規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞后加后加sthe childrens toys,womens rights,以以s結(jié)結(jié)尾的人名所有格加尾的人名所有格加s或者或者Dickens novels,Charless job,the Smiths house表示各自的所有關(guān)系表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí)時(shí),各名各名詞詞末尾均末尾均須須加加sJapans and Americas problems,Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)時(shí)在最后一在最后一詞詞末加末加sJapan and Ame

22、ricas problems,Jane and Marys father表示某人家店表示某人家店鋪鋪，所有格后名，所有格后名詞詞省省略略the doctors,the barbers,the tailors,my uncles30 2.s所有格的用法：所有格的用法：表示表示時(shí)間時(shí)間todays newspaper,five weeks holiday 2表示自然表示自然現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象象the earths atmosphere,the trees branches3表示國家城市等表示國家城市等地方的名地方的名詞詞the countrys plan,the worlds population,China

23、s industry4表示工作群體表示工作群體the ships crew,majoritys view,the teams victory5表示度量衡及價(jià)表示度量衡及價(jià)值值a miles journey,five dollars worth of apples6與人與人類類活活動(dòng)動(dòng)有特有特殊關(guān)系的名殊關(guān)系的名詞詞the lifes time,the plays plot7某些固定某些固定詞組詞組a birds eye view,a stones throw,at ones wits end(不知所措)31寫在最后寫在最后成功的基成功的基礎(chǔ)在于好的學(xué)在于好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣The foundation of success lies in good habits32謝謝大家榮幸這一路，與你同行ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The Way講師：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日 33