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1、Automobile Professional English汽車專業(yè)英語(yǔ),Vocabulary Study Translation Skills Exercises,Chapter One Engine,Unit 1 Engine Mechanical Unit 2 EFI System Unit 3 Engine Cooling and Lubrication System Unit 4 Engine Ignition, Starting and Charging System Unit 5 Engine Diagnosis System,Unit 1 Engine Mechanical,

2、1. Cylinder Block The engine block is the main supporting structure to which all other engine parts are attached. Fig. 1-1-1 shows a cylinder block. It has two main sections: the cylinder section and the crankcase section. The crankcase section is used to house the crankshaft, oil pan. Cooling passa

3、geways are built within the block. These passageways, also known as water sockets, surround the cylinders. They allow coolant to circulate throughout the cylinder area to keep the engine cool. There is also a drilled passageway within some blocks for the camshaft. Many oil holes are drilled internal

4、ly so that engine parts can be adequately lubricated.,engine 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) block 氣缸體 cylinder 氣缸 crankcase 曲軸箱 house 安裝 crankshaft 曲軸 camshaft 凸輪軸 coolant 冷卻液 oil pan 機(jī)油盤 water socket 水套 internally 內(nèi)部地 adequately 充分地 lubricate 潤(rùn)滑,Four-Cylinder Engine Cylinder Block (四缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸體),Fig. 1-1-1 1- cylinder block (氣缸體

5、) 2- cylinder (氣缸) 3- crankcase area （曲軸箱部分）,2. Cylinder Liners The purpose of using a liner is that, if the cylinder is damaged, the liner can be removed and replaced rather easily. There are two types of sleeveswet and dry. Seals must be used on the top and bottom of the wet sleeve in order to kee

6、p the coolant from leaking out of the cooling system. 3. Cylinder Head The Cylinder head is used to hold the valves, and it has ports to allow air, fuel and exhaust to move through the engine. In addition, it has coolant passages. Fig.1-1-2 shows a cylinder head. After the cylinder head has been cas

7、t, some areas must be machined so that intake and exhaust manifolds can be attached, valves can be seated, spark plugs and injectors can be installed, and a good seal can be provided to the block.,liner（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))氣缸套 remove 拆下 replace 取代 seal 密封，封條 leak 使?jié)B漏 valve 氣門；閥 port 孔管道 exhaust 排氣 in addition 另外 in

8、take 進(jìn)氣，吸入 manifold 歧管 spark 火花 plug 塞子 injector 噴油器 install 安裝,Cylinder Head（氣缸蓋）,Fig. 1-1-2 1-cap(蓋) 2- cylinder head bolt（氣缸蓋螺栓） 3-exhaust manifold gasket（排氣歧管墊） 4-cylinder head gasket（氣缸蓋墊片）5- intake manifold gasket(進(jìn)氣歧管墊) 6-cylinder head (氣缸蓋) 7-cylinder head cover gasket (氣缸蓋罩墊片)8- cylinder he

9、ad cover (氣缸蓋罩）,4. Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly The piston and connecting rod assembly transmits the power from combustion to the crankshaft. Shown in Fig.1-1-3 ,it mainly consists of piston, compression rings, oil control rings, piston pin and connecting rod.(1)piston: Piston fits closely wit

10、hin the engine cylinder or liner and is able to move alternately up and down in the cylinder.(2)piston rings: There are two types of piston rings：compression and oil control rings. The compression rings are used to seal the pressures of compression and power. The oil control rings are employed to sc

11、rape oil from the cylinder walls.(3)piston pin: It is used to connect piston to connecting rod.(4)connecting rod: it is used to connect piston to crankshaft and changes the reciprocating motion to the rotary motion.,iston 活塞 connecting rod 連桿 combustion 燃燒 consists of 由.組成 compression 壓縮 pin 銷 fit 使

12、配合 closely 緊密地 alternately 交替地 up and down 上上下下 compression ring 氣環(huán) scrape 把.刮除 piston pin 活塞銷 reciprocating motion 往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng) rotary 旋轉(zhuǎn)的,Piston and Rod Assembly （活塞和連桿總成）,Fig. 1-1-3 1- piston (活塞) 2- piston rings (活塞環(huán)) 3- piston pin(活塞銷) 4- connecting rod (連桿) 5- connecting rod bolts (連桿螺栓) 6- connecting

13、 rod cap (連桿蓋) 7- connecting rod bearing (連桿軸瓦),5. Crankshaft Assembly It is bolted to the bottom of the cylinder block. The crankshaft assembly includes the crankshaft, bearings, flywheel, harmonic balancer, timing gear, and front and rear seals.Fig.1-1-4 shows crankshaft assembly. 6. Camshaft Asse

14、mbly The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft and used to open and close the valves. The camshaft assembly includes the camshaft, camshaft timing gear, camshaft bearing, and timing chain, belt （if used）.,harmonic balancer 扭轉(zhuǎn)減震器 timing gear 正時(shí)齒輪 chain belt 鏈(條)傳動(dòng)帶,7. Valve Drive Mechanism It is used

15、to transfer the camshaft lift The valve drive mechanism consists of the lifters, the pushrods and the rocker arms Lifters change the rotary motion of the camshaft to reciprocating motion to open and close the valve. Hydraulic lifters are used to reduce noise and control the valve clearance on many e

16、ngines. They absorb the valve train clearance by using oil pressure inside the lifter body. Pushrods are used only on engines that have the camshaft placed within the block. Overhead camshafts do not need pushrods. Rocker arms are designed to change the direction of the cam lifting force.,lifter n. 挺柱 pushrod n. 推桿 rocker arm 搖臂 hydraulic adj. 液壓的 clearance n.間隙 lifting force 舉升力,Crankshaft Assembly（曲軸總成）,Fig. 1-1-4 1- front (前端) 2- main bearing（主軸頸） 3- connecting rod bearing （連桿軸頸） 4-crank（曲柄）