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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上15 Principles of biological reactions生物反應(yīng)原則Biological reactions may be classified ad aerobic, anaerobic, or photosynthetic according to the predominate type of microbial activity and all three are of importance in biological processes used for wastewater treatment. there are several bas

2、ic principles which are common to all three of these classifications. In each ease a source of cellular building blocks, such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,nitrogen,and phosphorous as either organic or inorganic compounds must first be transported into the cell in a soluble form. 生物反應(yīng)，可分為好氧，厭氧，或光合，據(jù)該占

3、優(yōu)勢(shì)類(lèi)型的微生物的活動(dòng)，所有三個(gè)因素是用于廢水處理的重要的生物過(guò)程。這里有所有上述3個(gè)類(lèi)別的幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)的基本原則.在每一個(gè)細(xì)胞質(zhì)組成部分，如碳，氧，氫，氮，磷，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論是有機(jī)或無(wú)機(jī)化合物，必須先以一種可溶性形式運(yùn)送到細(xì)胞中。Rates of solution or mass transfer into the cell can therefore limit the overall reaction rate.（溶解速率，或大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞，因而可以限制總的反應(yīng)速率。） Hydrogen acceptors must be present and aerobic organisms use ox

4、ygen for this purpose while anaerobic organisms use such compounds as sulfates, nitrats, carbon disoxide, or organic compounds.（，好氧生物為此利用氧和厭氧生物體利用硫酸鹽,硝酸鹽 ，碳氧化物，或有機(jī)化合物這些化合物，受氫體必須在場(chǎng)。） Energy must be supplied to the organism either in the form of energy contained in chemical compounds or as radiant ene

5、rgy form sunlight.（能源必須提供給機(jī)體，無(wú)論化學(xué)化合物形式的能量或陽(yáng)光形式的輻射能）A fraction of this energy is used to drive a synthesis reaction for the production of more microorganisms; the remainder is dissipated as heat.（一小股這樣的能量是用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)合成反應(yīng)，為生產(chǎn)更多的微生物;其余是以熱量的形式完全消退。） The effect of the heat generated on the reactor temperature c

6、an usually be neglected since the low concentration of organics in most wastewaters results in the generation of only a small amount of heat.(產(chǎn)生的熱量對(duì)反應(yīng)器溫度的影響，通常可以被忽略，因?yàn)榈蜐舛鹊挠袡C(jī)物在大多數(shù)廢水中生成的，只有少量的熱量。)The microorganisms also form waste products with the type of product being dependent on the species of mic

7、roorganisms and environmental conditions.微生物也形成何種類(lèi)型的廢物，正取決于微生物的物種和環(huán)境條件。 The more desirable products are gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, or methane, which can be easily separated from the liquid phase. （更可取的產(chǎn)品是氣體，如二氧化碳，氮，氧，或甲烷，可以很容易地脫離液相。）Some gases and volatile compounds such as hyd

8、rogen sulfide, amines, mercaptand, etc., are undesirable because of their odor which may create air pollution problems in the vicinity of the treatment plant. （一些氣體和揮發(fā)性化合物，如硫化氫，胺， 硫醇等，目前并不可取，因?yàn)樗鼈兊臍馕叮赡茉诟浇奈鬯幚韽S造成空氣污染的問(wèn)題。）A special requirement for most biological processes used in wastewater treatmen

9、t is the production of flocculant microorganisms that can be easily separated from the liqud stream in a concentrated form by such physical processes as gravity sedimentation, centrifugation, or vacuum filtration.（對(duì)于大多數(shù)生物過(guò)程中使用的廢水處理的一個(gè)特殊的要求，是生產(chǎn)微生物絮凝劑可以通過(guò)重力沉淀，離心，或真空過(guò)濾這樣的物理過(guò)程很容易脫離液流。）From a pollution c

10、ontrol viewpoint, the microorganisms produced must be considered as an undesirable product since, being organic matter, they can place a pollutional burden on the receiving waters. （從控制污染的角度來(lái)看，微生物產(chǎn)生的，必須將其視為一個(gè)不良的產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)樽鳛橛袡C(jī)質(zhì)，他們會(huì)對(duì)受納水體形成一個(gè)水污染的負(fù)擔(dān)。）Ease of separation from the liquid phase and self-destruct

11、ion of the microorganisms through autooxidation are therefore of considerable importance.（微生物通過(guò)自動(dòng)氧化易于從液相和自我毀滅中分離，因此具有相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾?。）More detailed information concerning the basic biological principles which have been discussed may be found in textbooks on microbial metabolism and physiology.（生物基本原則進(jìn)行了討論，可在教科書(shū)中發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于微生物代謝和生理更詳細(xì)資料。）專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)