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1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題一、句子成份英語(yǔ)句子成分有主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等。 順序一般是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。 1、主語(yǔ)：表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak English in class.（代詞）O

2、ne-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語(yǔ)從句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正

3、的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式） 2、謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)或特征?？梢杂胁煌臅r(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣。1)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)： We study for the people. 2)復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表語(yǔ): 它位于系動(dòng)詞(比如be)之后，說明主語(yǔ)身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Th

4、ree times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）The ruler must be in your box.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句） 4、賓語(yǔ): 賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，跟在及物動(dòng)詞之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you hav

5、e? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）It began to rain.（不定式短語(yǔ)）I enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語(yǔ)從句）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，往往一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意思才完整，賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如： W

6、e make him our monitor(班長(zhǎng)).5、賓補(bǔ): 就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，就是補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的 I see you crossing the street His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh（新鮮的） air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語(yǔ)）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everything in the l

7、ab in good order.（介詞短語(yǔ)）6、定語(yǔ): 在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語(yǔ)。 He is a new student. 但副詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則放在被修飾的詞之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing（發(fā)展中） country; America is a developed（發(fā)達(dá)） country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）H

8、is progress（進(jìn)步）in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor（班長(zhǎng)） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介詞短語(yǔ)） 7、狀語(yǔ): 修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。 He lives in London. Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副

9、詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語(yǔ)）He is sorry to trouble(麻煩) you.（不定式短語(yǔ)）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)種類如下：How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語(yǔ)）I shall go

10、 there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語(yǔ)）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語(yǔ)）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語(yǔ)）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）She works

11、 very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語(yǔ)）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語(yǔ)）一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to becom

12、e a scientist.7. Hewants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建議）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and

13、tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型英語(yǔ)句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 判斷類型和句子成分：She came She likes English. She

14、is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moonrose. Theytalked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。 Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。He is growing tall

15、and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯。 His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。Whoknowsthe answer? 誰(shuí)知道答案？ Heenjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。Iwantto have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。Heboughtyoua dictionary. Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。Ishowedhimmy pictures. Igavemy cara wash. 我洗了我的汽車。Heshowedmehow to run the machine.