狀語從句 狀語從句在句中作狀語，可分為：時間、條件、讓步、原因、目的、結(jié)果、比較、地點、方式狀語從句。 一、 時間狀語從句 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞有：when, as, while, until, not…until, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等。時間狀語從句中一般用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。 1． When , while, as都可解釋為“當```的時候”但側(cè)重點有所不同。 1) When Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest. 注意點： when 從句的主語與主句主語相同，謂語動詞是be 動詞時，從句主語和be可以省略。 Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher. 2) As As 除了表示“當```的時候”，還可表示為“一面```一面”，“隨著” Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面```一面) You will grow wiser as you grow older.(隨著) 3) While表示“當```的時候”強調(diào)主句的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，從句一般用進行時，從句動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。 Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest. While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused. 注意點： while 有對比的含義，解釋為“然而”。 eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee. 2． until, not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延續(xù)性動詞；在否定句中主句常用短暫性動詞。 肯定句：I waited until midnight. 否定句：I did not leave until midnight. 注意點： 1）not until…在句首，主句用倒裝 eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it. 2) It is not until…that…引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句 It was not until it was dark that he came back. 3. the minute, the moment, each time都可表示“一```就```” eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it. 注意點： the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first) time作連詞不和when 連用。 4．Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as表示為“一```就```” eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. It began to rain as soon as I got home. 注意點：Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than位于句首，主句用倒裝 eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 二 條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句分為兩大類：真實條件句和虛擬條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, even if/though, unless/ if …not, as long as/ so long as, as far as/so far as, provided/providing (that), on condition that 等。條件狀語從句中如果主句是將來時，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 1. unless 和if…not unless 相當于if…not eg: You will fail unless you study hard. You will not fail if you study hard. 注意點： 在虛擬條件句中可用if…not，但不能用unless eg: If she were not too silly,she would understand. 2． 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的其它連詞： Eg: You may go there ,as long as you keep quite. Eg: I shall give you the book on condition that you return it tomorrow. Eg: I will go provided that you go too. 三 讓步狀語從句 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：though, although, even if/ though, however, no matter how, no matter what, no matter who等。 1． though, although不可與but連用，但可以和yet , still連用. Eg: Though/Although it is raining ,they are still running outside. 注意點： 1） though可引導(dǎo)倒裝(although不引導(dǎo)倒裝)，結(jié)構(gòu)為： 強調(diào)對象+as/though+主語+其它成分，強調(diào)對象可為表語（名詞、形容詞）或狀語（副詞），表語為名詞時，前面不用冠詞。 Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Tired as he is, he goes on with his work. 2） despite 和 in spite of 也有讓步意義，后接名詞或動詞，而though, although是連詞，后接從句。 Eg: Despite /In spite of wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter. Though/although she wanted to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter. 2. “no matter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞+后綴ever” eg: No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 注意點：no matter+疑問詞不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 3. even if/ though表示“即使” eg: He doesn’t want to marry her even if/ though he loves her very much. 四 原因狀語從句 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that,owing to the fact that等 1．because because語氣最強，通常用于回答why 提出的問題 注意點： 在it was…that…的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，強調(diào)原因狀語從句可用because引導(dǎo)，不用since,as, for引導(dǎo)。 Eg: It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation. 2. since和as since的語氣比because 弱，比as強，表示間接的，已知的原因，自然的結(jié)果，表示“既然，由于”。 Eg: As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest. 3．for 當for表示原因關(guān)系時，for分句是對第一分句內(nèi)容的推斷或猜測。 Eg: It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. 五 目的狀語從句 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有： so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。 Eg: You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 注意點：lest, in case, for fear that所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，動詞可以用虛擬語氣，形式為should+動詞原形，也可不用虛擬語氣，用動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。 Eg: You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back. 六 結(jié)果狀語從句 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有： so that, so…that, such…that等 eg: He is so young that he can not go to school. He is such a young boy that he can not go to school. 1．常用句型： so+形容詞/副詞+that從句 so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 such +a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 such +形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句 2． so和such的搭配規(guī)律 such修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so修飾形容詞或副詞,so還可接many, few, much, little等。 Eg: so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many/few flowers such nice flowers so much/little money such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people 七 比較狀語從句 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有：as…as, than, not so…as, the more…the more等 如： He speaks English as fluently as his bro