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1、American SocietyAmericanHistoryMajorPeriods:Pre-ColumbianPeriodColonialEuropeansAmericanRevolutionPost-AmericanRevolutionSlaveEraImmigrationandAmericanGrowthWorldWarIWorldWarIIOthermajorforeignconflictsAmerican SocietyAmericanHistoryPre-ColumbianPeriod-1stImmigrants:Asia/Russia-15000yearsago-Vikings

2、1000yearsago-ChristopherColumbus500yearsago-Spanish500yearsago*Southwest/California-EuropeansBritain;restofEuropeAmerican SocietyAmericanHistoryColonialEuropeans“TheNewLand”-GreatBritain1607Jamestown,Virginia-Indenturedservants/laborers-EuropeanProtestantReformation*ReligioussectsPuritans,Catholics,

3、Presbyterians,Lutherans,etc.-1733All13coloniesestablishedinEasternAmericasAmerican SocietyAmericanHistoryAmericanRevolution(1775to1783)-WhyIndependence?1)ExcessivetaxespaidtoEngland2)Britishsoldiersoccupiedcolonistshomes*InBritainswaragainstCanada(SevenYearsWar)3)AmericasgrowingmaturityAmerican Soci

4、etyAmericanHistoryPost-AmericanRevolution-ManifestDestiny*BeliefthatUSwasmeanttoexpandwestwardtoPacificOcean-1803LouisianaPurchaseThomasJefferson-Wars:*1800s-IndianWars:duetoforcedrelocations/lossofland*Warof1812USvs.GreatBritain*1846to1848-Mexican-AmericanWar*1898SpanishAmericanWar:Cuba,PuertoRico-

5、Hawaii/RussialandadditionsAmerican SocietyAmericanHistorySlaveEra-AfricanAmericanssinglelargestracialminorityinUS-Indenturedservants/laborers:laterbecameslaves-Slaverydevelopment:1)Reducecompetition2)Uncertainsocialstatus3)Difficultyorganizingotherethnicgroups-USCivilWarAmerican SocietyAmericanHisto

6、ryImmigrationandGrowth-EuropeanImmigration:*18201890:1stWaveNorthern/WesternEurope+Ireland,Germany,Sweden,Denmark,Britain*18901920:2ndWaveSouthern/EasternEurope+Italy,Greece,Hungary,Portugal,Russia,PolandAmerican SocietyAmericanHistoryWorldWarI(1914to1918)-Britain,France,Russiavs.Germany,Austria-Hun

7、gary,Italy-WarofAlliances-1917USenteredwar-TreatyofVersailles*PunishedGermanyfor:+costofwar+limiteditsmilitary+tookawayland-Countriesgainingtheirindependence:*Ireland,Australia,NewZealand,Canada,SouthAfrica,Egypt+AllmembersoftheBritishCommonwealthofNationsAmerican SocietyAmericanHistoryWorldWarII(19

8、39to1945)-1939GermanyinvadedPoland*BritainandFrancedeclaredwar+GermanybeganoccupationofFrance-December,1941JapaneseattackonPearlHarbor,Hawaii*USimmediatelyenteredwar+AlliesPowers:US,Britain,Russia+AxisPowers:Germany,Italy,Japan-Warend:*GermanysurrenderedMay,1945*JapansurrenderedAugust,1945American S

9、ocietyAmericanHistoryOtherMajorConflicts(1950topresent)-KoreanWar(1950to1953)-VietnamWar(1961to1973)-AfghanistanWar(2001topresent)-IraqWar(2003topresent)American SocietyAmericanHistoryVocabularyIndenturedfinanciallyobligatedtoperformserviceforanotheruntildebtispaidinfullorforgivenProtestant Reformat

10、ion religiousdoctrinalbreakfromRomanCatholicChurchbegunbyMartinLutherinearly1500sManifest Destiny beliefbyearlyAmericansthatitwastheir“destiny”toexpandtheUSfromitsbeginningtoitspresentgeographicalsizeAmerican SocietyNextTopicEthnicGroupsinAmericaAmerican SocietyAmericanEthnicGroupsTobeginwith.Groups

11、:*EuropeanAmericans*AfricanAmericans*HispanicAmericans*AsianAmericans*NativeAmericans*SpecialGroup:IllegalImmigrantsAmerican SocietyEuropeanAmericansIntroduction-Origins:Britain,Germany,Italy,France,Spain,Russia,etc.*Commonname:“White”Americansor“Caucasians”-ColonialEuropeans“TheNewland”*SpanishCath

12、olics,missionaries,explorers,traders,settlers*English/BritishJamestown,Virginia(1607)+religiouspersecution+explorers,traders,colonizationAmerican SocietyEuropeanAmericansPost-ColonialImmigration-1820to1890:1stWaveprimarilyreligiousorientation*MostimmigrantswereRomanCatholic-1890to1920:2ndWavetoescap

13、econditionsinEurope*Famine*Politicalturmoil*WorldWarIAmerican SocietyEuropeanAmericansCurrentIssues-Pasthistory-foundationofpresentsociety*Americansocietyassimilationresults:+MeltingPot+Mosaic+SaladBowl-MostEuropeanAmericansnotnowsensitivetotheirethnicbackgroundAmerican SocietyAfricanAmericansIntrod

14、uction-Namepreferences:BlackAmericansorAfro-Americans*Formerlycalled“Negroes”*InitiallycametoAmericasasindenturedservants/laborers-Slavetrade1641toearly1800s-SlaveEra*USConstitutionnotappliedtoslaves*Southerncolonieseconomy:agricultureonlargeplantations+PlantationownersneededlotsoflaborersAmerican S

15、ocietyAfricanAmericansEmancipation-SlaveryaconstantsourceofconflictbetweenNorthandSouth-USCivilWar:1861to1865*PresidentAbrahamLincoln:signedEmancipation Proclamation in1863+formerlydeclaredfreedomforslaves-NorthdefeatedSouth:slaveryendedAmerican SocietyAfricanAmericansReconstruction-USConstitutionam

16、endments*13thAmendment:madeslaveryillegal*14thAmendment:grantedfullcitizenship*15thAmendment:gavevotingrightstoblackmales-Southernstatespolicyofsegregation*Keptblacksseparateineducation,housing,shopping,living*Influencedeventsinearly1900s-KuKluxKlan(KKK):domesticterroristorganizationAmerican Society

17、AfricanAmericansContemporary-Largestsingleracialminority:12%ofUSpopulation-BlackpopulationrelocationfromSouthtoNorth1)1910to1940:1stGreatMigration*5millionAfricanAmericansmovedtoNorth*Mostlynortherncities*NationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP)2)1941to1970:2ndGreatMigration*Anothe

18、r5millionAfricanAmericansmovedtotheNorth*Thisgrouphadhighereducationandskills*80%moved/livedinnortherncitiesAmerican SocietyAfricanAmericansCivilRightsMovement-1954SupremeCourtcase:Brownvs.BoardofEducation*Landmarkcourtcase!*Ruling:SegregationisINHERENTLYunequal,makingitunlawful-Montgomery,AlaRosaPa

19、rks:jump-startedmassiveprotests*Issue:notgivingherseatonapublicbustoawhiteman-MartinLutherKing,Jr.primaryleaderofCivilRightsMovement*Laterassassinatedin1968-CivilRightsActof1964majorlegislation*Madediscriminationillegalbasedonrace,religion,color,andnationalorigin+appliedprimarilytoemploymentandanypu

20、blicservicesAmerican SocietyAfricanAmericansPost-CivilRightsEra-Substantialgainsthroughoutcountry*Social*Education*Employment*Political*Economic*Livingconditions-PresidentBarakObama-CulturalInfluences:*Arts*Relationships/attitudes*CivilRightsMovementAmerican SocietyHispanicAmericansIntroduction-Call

21、edSpanishAmericansorLatinos-Origins:Mexico,PuertoRico,Cuba,Central/SouthAmerica-Largestethnicminoritygroup:15%ofUSpopulationAmerican SocietyHispanicAmericansSpanishEra-Hispanic/LatinopresenceinUS2ndlongest*1513PoncedeLeon:Florida(southernsoutheast)*Mexico:southwesternUS*1700sCalifornia:Spanishterrit

22、oryAmerican SocietyHispanicAmericansUnitedStatesEra-1846to1848Mexican-AmericanWar-1898Spanish-AmericanWar*USterritories/influences:PuertoRico,Cuba,CaribbeanareaAmerican SocietyHispanicAmericansCurrentIssues-Educationenrollment/graduationrising-Politicselection/participationincreasing-ReligionstrongR

23、omanCatholicinfluence-“Hispanization“Spanishinfluencegrowth,especiallyinlanguagepresenceanduseAmerican SocietyAsianAmericansIntroduction-5%ofUSpopulation:fastedgrowinggroupinAmerica-Origins:FarEast,SoutheastAsia,Indiansubcontinent*China,Philippines,Japan,Korea,India,Vietnam-History:*1763Filipinos(Ph

24、ilippines)inLouisiana*1830sChineseinNewYorkCityAmerican SocietyAsianAmericansChinese-Hawaiilaborers-1800s:Californiaminers*ForeignMinersTax:discriminatedagainstChineseminers-1800s:TranscontinentalRailroadlaborers*Aftercompletion,Chineselaborersmovedtoinner-cities*1882Chinese Exclusion Act:preventedC

25、hineseimmigrationintoUSAmerican SocietyAsianAmericansJapanese-Japaneseimmigrantscloselysupervisedbytheirowngovernment-WWIIattackonPearlHarbor,Hawaii(1941)*JapaneseAmericansplacedinto“internmentcamps”-1943CongressrepealedallChineseexclusionlaws*GaveChinesenaturalizationrights*BUT,strictimmigrationquo

26、tasimposed-1965Immigration and Nationality Act*Immigrationrestrictionseasedunder“FamilyReunification”policyAmerican SocietyAsianAmericansCulturalIssues-1800s“YellowPeril”stereotype:biasagainstAsianorigins*GrowingfearofAsians,especiallyinwesternUS*WWII:anti-Japaneseparanoia-“ModelMinority”stereotype*

27、Goodeducation,goodjob,goodliving*Lowcrimerate;highfamilystability-“Asianization”growingAsianinfluence*Sports,Hollywood,economically,politically,education,medical*Chineserestaurants/food:mostpopularinUSAmerican SocietyAsianAmericansCurrentIssues-Educationhighestlevels*48%-Bachelordegree(USnationallev

28、el:29%)*68%,AsianIndianshaveBachelordegree-Politicsincreasingdomestic/internationalinfluence*LuoJiahui(akaGaryLocke)USAmbassadortoChina-Economy*VeraWangfashion*JerryYangYahoo!,Inc.American SocietyAsianAmericansSocio-economicCharacteristicsLess than High SchoolCollege DegreeAdvanced Degrees High Skil

29、l Jobs Married,Spouse PresentHomeowner Median Personal IncomeMedian Family IncomeLiving in PovertyPublic AssistanceWhites15.325.33.021.464.578.2$23,640$48,5009.41.3Blacks29.113.61.212.338.054.4$16,300$33,30024.94.5Latinos and Hispanics48.59.91.69.656.352.4$14,400$36,00021.43.5Native American Indians

30、27.410.80.911.950.264.2$14,500$32,24025.16.1Asian Americans19.542.96.534.674.968.2$20,200$59,00011.52.2American SocietyNativeAmericansIntroduction-1stgrouptoliveintheAmericas(indigenous)-Origins:Asia/RussiaacrossBeringStrait*ConnectsRussiaandAlaska(nowsubmergedunderwater)-Nameused:“Indians”*Mistaken

31、lycalledthisbyChristopherColumbuswhenhethoughthehadlandedinIndiain1492American SocietyNativeAmericansWestwardExpansion-1800sprimaryperiodofUSexpansionwestward*ForcedrelocationofNativeAmericansbyUSGovernment+movedfromeastern/southernareastolessdesirablewesternareas+Establishedreservations-IndianWars:

32、late19thcenturytoearly20thcenturyAmerican SocietyNativeAmericansPastIssues-Discriminationsubjectstogrowingfederal/territorialgovernments-Racialconsidered“savages”inearlyAmericanhistory-Populationdecimatedby“whiteman”diseasesAmerican SocietyNativeAmericansCurrentIssues-Educationstillstruggling;*Lowac

33、hievementrate*Highdropoutrate-Economicextremelyhighunemploymentrate-Socialranksatlowestlevelsofsocialmeasurements*education,alcoholism,poverty,suicide,teenpregnancy,etc.-1975Indian Self-determination and Education Assistance Act*LegislationbroughtgreatimprovementsintokeylivingareasofNativeAmericansAmerican SocietyIllegalImmigrantsWhyisitsuchaproblem?-Currentestimate:13+million“illegalaliens”inUS-2