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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語語法賓語從句講解 小口訣：賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；主句一般過去時，從句須用相應時；陳述轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問用if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導詞后陳述式。一基本講解 來源：直接引語變間接引語概念:在句中擔當賓語的從句叫賓語從句，可做V謂/介詞短語的賓語。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”.He said he was good at drawing. (動詞賓語) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語)1.引導詞 (1) t

2、hat引導賓語從句時，通常用陳述句充當, that可省略。Eg: She said,“I want to go there ” She said (that) she wanted to go there. They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.(2) whether 或 if 引導的賓語從句,由一般疑問句/選擇疑問句充當，陳述語序。Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.I wonde

3、r if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . Im not sure whether he will come or not.注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情況例外 a. 介詞短語后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引導詞與動詞不定式或or not 連用時，只用whether. eg:I cant say whether or not he will come on timec. if當如果講時,

4、引導的是條件狀語從句，表示如果，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.(3). 特殊疑問詞引導賓語從句時，不可省略，陳述句語序。特殊疑問詞為：how , when, where, why ,which whose. What 引導賓從時做主語或賓語或表語等。E.g. What do you want? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I

5、 have no idea where he is now. I dont know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 對比下列句子，看what 做什么成分： He asked what was the wrong/matter with me.（what 做主語） He doesnt know what to do now(做賓語) He asked me who he was.(who 做表語)2.賓語從句時態(tài)a.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不受主句的限制eg: Do you kno

6、w if/whether he has seen the film?Im sorry to hear that your father is ill.She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.b.當主句是一般過去時，從句用過去的相應某種時態(tài)She didnt know why the boy was late again. (過去一般)I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（過去完成

7、）I wondered when she was going to America.（過去將來）注意：當主句是一般過去時，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）3.語序：陳述語序，主+謂+其他* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you p

8、lease tell me） Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?*Has she seen the movie？（He asked.） He asked if she had seen the movie.*Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you? 二、賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化1.當主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主從句主語一致時可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Eg:She agreed that she co

9、uld help me with my math. She agreed to help me with my math.2.當主句的謂語動詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面有特殊疑問詞引導的賓從時，可以簡化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如： Eg: She forgot what she should take. she forget to take it3. 當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wall

10、et lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.三否定轉(zhuǎn)移e.g. I dont think he is cool. 我認為他并不酷常用詞：believe，suppose,think等 四注意問題和易錯點1.由粗心大意導致語序的錯亂，長從句也只有主謂賓語序，不要受引導詞的影響（可暫時忽略引導詞，直接看從句）2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（whether 是否，if是否/如果）3.從句中介詞短語的介詞弄丟Eg: I dont know who she is looking at.

11、(容易丟了at )4.賓從和定從同時出現(xiàn)完全不知所措（賓從是作賓語，誰做了什么，說了什么，誰想知道什么等，定從修飾名詞，引導詞只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用語定從，只用于賓從）5. 混淆視覺的句子，錯當是疑問句Jim didnt know what was wrong with his computer. 賓語從句專項習題鞏固練習1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leav C. you will leave

12、when D. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him.A. that B. if

13、 C. why D. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask h

14、im _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B