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1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué),1,初中英語(yǔ)句子成分(j zichngfn),第一頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,句子的成分：句子的成分是指組成句子的各個(gè)(gg)部分，即：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)）、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。主要成分：主語(yǔ) 和 謂語(yǔ)次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ) 等,第1頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第二頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,(一)主語(yǔ)Subject：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主要成分，也是句子所敘述的主體，一般(ybn)位于句首，表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。,第2頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第三頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,1. Tom is a good boy. (名詞(mng c) 2. We often speak Engli

2、sh in class. (代詞) 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. (數(shù)詞)4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)5. Smoking does harm to the health. (動(dòng)名詞(mng c),第3頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第四頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,6. The rich should help the poor. (名詞化形容詞)7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided

3、. (主語(yǔ)從句)8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it為形式(xngsh)主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式),第4頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第五頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,（二）謂語(yǔ)Predicate：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，一般由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致(yzh)。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：,第5頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第六頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,1.簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞(dngc)或動(dòng)詞(dngc)短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。例如：I like apples. ( 動(dòng)詞(dngc) )He p

4、ractices running every morning. （動(dòng)詞(dngc)短語(yǔ)）,第6頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第七頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,2.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由（情態(tài)(qngti)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形）構(gòu)成；You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成。We are having a quick breakfast.,第7頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第八頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,（三） 表語(yǔ)Predicative：表語(yǔ)用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、身份、特征和狀態(tài)等，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”。它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,

5、 keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表語(yǔ)須和連系(lin x)動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，即成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。,第8頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第九頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,1. My mother is a doctor. (名詞)2. Is it yours? (代詞(dic)3. The weather has turned cold. （形容詞）4. The speech is exciting. （現(xiàn)在分詞）5. The door is closed. （過(guò)去分詞）6. Three ti

6、mes seven is twenty one. （數(shù)詞）,第9頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第十頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,7. His job is to teach English. （不定式）8. His hobby is playing football. （動(dòng)名詞）9. The machine must be out of order.（介詞(jic)短語(yǔ)）10. Time is up. The class is over. (副詞)11. The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表語(yǔ)從句）,第10頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第十一頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,（四）賓語(yǔ)Object ：

7、賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面,和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)(zhy)“做什么”，如：,第11頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第十二頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名詞）2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代詞(dic)）3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （數(shù)詞）,第12頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第十三頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,4. They helped the old with t

8、heir housework yesterday. （名詞(mng c)化形容詞）5. He pretended not to see me. （不定式）6. I enjoy listening to popular music. （動(dòng)名詞(mng c)）7. I think (that) he is fit for this job. （賓語(yǔ)從句）,第13頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第十四頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,雙賓語(yǔ)(bny)（間接賓語(yǔ)(bny)+直接賓語(yǔ)(bny)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please.,第14頁(yè)/共15頁(yè),第十五頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。,