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1、AutomobilePracticalEnglishUnitOneContentsV.GlossaryIV.ExercisesIII.TextBPrincipleofFourstrokeEngineII.TextAAutomobileStructureI.RelatedKnowledge1.Whatistheheartofanautomobile?vEngineistheheartofanautomobile.I.RelatedKnowledge2.How many main units does theautomobile consist of?What arethey?vFourmainu

2、nits.vThey are engine,chassis,body andelectricalequipments.3.Wesaythechassisiscomposedoffourmainsystems,whatarethey?vTransmission,suspension,steering andbrakingsystems.II.TextA-AutomobileStructurevThemodernautomobilecontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsandcomprisesseveralstructuralandmechan

3、icalsystems.vindividualparts單個(gè)部件vstructural有一定結(jié)構(gòu)的vAsitsnameindicates,itobtainspowerbyburningthefuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.vAsitsnameindicates顧名思義vconvertinto把轉(zhuǎn)換為vforce力vThetransmissionsystemconsistsofclutch,gearbox,propeller

4、shaft,rearaxleanddifferentialandthedrivingroadwheels.vtransmissionsystem傳動(dòng)系vpropellershaft傳動(dòng)軸vdifferential差速器vThe clutch or torque converter has thetaskofconnectinganddisconnectingtheenginespower from thedriving wheelsofthevehicle.vclutch離合器vtorqueconverter液力變矩器vThebasicjobofthesuspensionsystemistoa

5、bsorbtheenergyofimpactsofthetiresalongtheroadsurface,andtheshocksdampordissipatethatenergy,usinghydraulics,sothatthesuspendedportionofthevehicledoesnotkeepbouncing.vimpact沖擊vdamp衰減vdissipate驅(qū)散，消失vPower steering is a system forreducing the steering effort on carsbyusinganexternalpowersourcetoassist i

6、n turning the steering wheeland make the vehicle easier tomanoeuvre.vsteeringeffort轉(zhuǎn)向力vmanoeuvre熟練操作vTheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.vignition點(diǎn)火vhorn喇叭vstarter起動(dòng)機(jī)vchargingcircuit充電電路vOfallautomobilec

7、omponents,anautomobileengineisthemostcomplicatedassemblywithdominanteffectsonthefunctionofanautomobile.vcomplicated復(fù)雜的vfunction功能，作用III.TextB-PrincipleofFour-strokeEnginevTheburningofthefuelcausedarapidriseincylinderpressurewhichisconvertedtousefulmechanicalenergybythepistonandcrankshaft.vpressure壓力

8、vpiston活塞vcrankshaft曲軸vTheintakestrokeofafour-strokeenginebeginswiththepistonattopdeadcenter(TDC).vintakestroke進(jìn)氣沖程vtopdeadcenter(TDC)上止點(diǎn)vbottomdeadcenter（BDC）下止點(diǎn)vTherefore,amixtureofgasolineandair,pushedbytheatmosphericpressureoutsidetheengine,rushesthroughtheintakemanifoldandintotheenginecylinder.

9、vatmosphericpressure大氣壓vintakemanifold進(jìn)氣歧管vTheair-fuelchargeisnowundercompressionsothatitwillproduceagreatdealofpowerwhenthesparkplugignitesit.vsparkplug火花塞vignite點(diǎn)火vJustasorslightlybeforethepistonreachesTDConthecompressionstrokewiththeair-fuelmixturefullycompressed,atimedelectricalsparkappearsatthe

10、sparkplug.vcompressionstroke壓縮沖程vInotherwords,whiletheexhaustvalveisopen,theupwardmovementofthepistonprovidesaneffectivemethodfordischargingallwastegasesfromtheenginecylinderandcombustionchamber.vexhaustvalve排氣門vcombustionchamber燃燒室i.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofautomobileassembliesaccordingtothepicture

11、.1engine；2clutch；3transmission；4propellershaft；5differentialIV.Exercisesvii.Fillthemissingwordsintheblanksofthefollowingdialogueandrole-playinpairsadaptedfromthedialogue.vMary:Hi,John,whatareyoudoing?vJohn:Hi,Imtestingthetransmission.vMary:Transmission?Whatdoesthatnamereferto?vJohn:Eh,itreferstothes

12、eriesofpartsusedtotransmittheenginetorquefromtheflywheeltothevehiclesdrivingwheels.Doyouknowitsfourmajorcomponents?vMary:ImafraidIdontknowaboutthat,canyoutellme?vJohn:Well,thetransmissionusuallyconsistsoffourmajorcomponents:clutch,gearbox,driveshaftandfinaldriveassembly.vMary:Oh,Iveheardoftheclutch,

13、soitbelongstothetransmission?vJohn:Yes.vMary:Whatarethefunctionsofthefinaldriveassembly?vJohn:Itprovidesasuitabletopgearratio,transmitsdrivetotheroadwheels,andprovidesadifferentactionbetweendrivingwheelswhenthevehicleiscornering.iii.MatchtheEnglishphrasesorwordswiththenumbersonthediagramandwritethem

14、down.1valve；2pulley；3timingbelt；4cylinderblock；5camshaft；6piston；7crankshaft；8oilpanV.Glossaryvautomobilen.汽車vchassisn.底盤vinternalcombustionengine內(nèi)燃機(jī)vpropelvt.推進(jìn),驅(qū)使vspark-ignitionengine火花點(diǎn)火式內(nèi)燃機(jī)vcompression-ignitionengine壓縮點(diǎn)火式內(nèi)燃機(jī)vclutchn.離合器vpropellershaft螺旋軸；傳動(dòng)軸vtorqueconverter液力變矩扭器，轉(zhuǎn)矩變換器vhydraulic

15、adj.水力的,水壓的，液壓的vflexiblejoint柔性接頭,撓性連接,撓性接頭vshockabsorber減震器，緩沖器,減震器,阻尼器vpowersteeringsystem動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)valternatorn.交流發(fā)電機(jī)vUnit2vsubsystem5sQb7sistimn.子系統(tǒng)子系統(tǒng)vwiring5waiEriNn.線路，配線線路，配線vsensor5sensEn.傳感器傳感器vpulsepQlsn.脈沖脈沖vcoolant5ku:lEntn.冷卻液冷卻液vvelocityvi5lCsitin.速度，迅速速度，迅速vstoichiometry7stCiki5Cmitrin.化

16、學(xué)計(jì)量法化學(xué)計(jì)量法vEFIsystem電子控制燃油噴射系統(tǒng)電子控制燃油噴射系統(tǒng)vfuelfilter燃油濾清器燃油濾清器vfueldeliverypipe燃油分配管燃油分配管vfuelrail燃油管路燃油管路vfuelinjector噴油器噴油器vfuelpressureregulator燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器vfuelreturnpipe燃油回油管燃油回油管vLtypeEFIsystemL型電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)型電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)venginesensor發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)傳感器發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)傳感器velectricalsolenoid電磁閥電磁閥vinjectionpulsewidth噴射脈沖寬度噴射脈沖寬度vair/fuelratio空燃比空燃比vfueleconomy燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性v3valve vAlv n.氣門intake ports 進(jìn)氣道exhaust manifold排氣歧管timing gear正時(shí)齒輪camshaft凸輪軸tappet 5tApit n.挺桿push rod推桿rock rCk n.搖臂oil pump機(jī)油泵valve spring 氣門彈簧eccentric