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1、Origin and History,Unit 1,CONTENTS,Teaching Aims,Text A,Text B,Supplementary Reading,TEACHING AIMS:,After studying this unit, you are required to:,Have a general idea of origin and history of the UK.2. Understand the origin and history.3. Master the difficult words and expressions.,Text A,The Origin

2、 and History of the UK,Text A Preview:,英國歷史是一部征服和合并的歷史。英國全稱為大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國（the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland）。國土大不列顛島上的英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和愛爾蘭島上的北愛爾蘭四部分和眾多小島組成，而整個英國的歷史也就是由這四個區(qū)域的歷史交織組成。1535年威爾士成為英格蘭王國的一部分，1707年蘇格蘭與英格蘭正式合并為大不列顛王國，1800年大不列顛王國和愛爾蘭合并成為大不列顛與愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國，1922年愛爾蘭共和國獨(dú)立，愛爾蘭北部仍留在聯(lián)合王

3、國內(nèi)。,Text A Reading Comprehension:,Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.1.Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic once attempted to invade in 55 BC; although largely unsuccessful, he managed to set up a client king. ( )2.Christianity was first introdu

4、ced around 43 AD by the Romans. ( ) 3.The Norman conquest of England accomplished by an army led by Duke William of Normandy occurred in 1066, which had a profound and permanent effect on the English language. ( ),Text A Reading Comprehension:,4.The Black Death epidemic hit England, starting in 1348

5、, it eventually killed up to two thirds of Englands inhabitants. ( )5.Over issues relating to divorce, Henry VIII broke from communion with the Catholic Church proclaimed himself the head of the Church of England. ( )6.During the Elizabethan period, an English fleet defeated an invading Dutch Armada

6、. ( ) 7.It was now constitutionally established that King and Parliament should rule together, and King have the real power. ( ),Text A Reading Comprehension:,8.Industrial Revolution was a period of profound change in the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of England. ( ) 9.Although Napoleon plan

7、ned to invade England, it failed and fostered a concept of a united national British people, shared with the Scots and Welsh. ( ) 10.In the World War I, the United Kingdom was as part of the Allies, while in World War II, it was not. ( ),Text A Notes:,1. The Norman conquest of England began on 28 Se

8、ptember 1066 with the invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy, who became known as William the Conqueror after his victory at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, defeating the king Harold II of England. The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. It largely removed th

9、e native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French- speaking monarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England.,Text A Notes:,2. The House of Plantag

10、enet was a royal house founded by Geoffrey V of Anjou, father of Henry II of England. Plantagenet kings first ruled the Kingdom of England in the 12th century. Their paternal ancestors originated in the French province of Gtinais and gained the County of Anjou through marriage during the 11th centur

11、y. The dynasty accumulated several other holdings, building the Angevin Empire which at its peak stretched from the Pyrenees to Ireland and the border with Scotland.,Text A Notes:,3. The Hundred Years War was a series of wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagene

12、t, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. The House of Valois claimed the title of King of France, while the Plantagenets claimed the thrones of both France and England. The Plantagenet kings w

13、ere the 12th-century rulers of the kingdom of England, and had their roots in the French regions of Anjou and Normandy.,Text A Notes:,4. The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars for the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantage

14、net: the houses of Lancaster and York (the red and the white rose, respectively). They were fought in several sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1485, although there was related fighting both before and after this period. The final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudo

15、r, who defeated the last Yorkist king Richard III and married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York to unite the two houses. The House of Tudor subsequently ruled England and Wales for 117 years.,Text A Notes:,5. Oliver Cromwell (克倫威爾)(25 April 1599 3 September 1658) was an English military and poli

16、tical leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and ruled England, Scotland and Ireland. Cromwell was one of the commanders of the New Model Army which defeated the royalists in the English Civil War. After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Cromwell dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England, conquered Ireland and Scotland, and ruled as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.,Text A Notes:,6. The Victorian era