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1、定語從句講解一、定語的概念： 定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。比如：(先試試用橫線劃出下面短語中的定語，然后在后面的括號里注明是什么在作定語) a beautiful girl（ ）three boys （ ）a shoe factory（ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( )the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ）the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定語從句的概念及主要特征：1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句一般

2、緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后；引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。請劃出下列句子中的定語從句、先行詞及關(guān)系代詞：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2. 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要特征：（1）指代作用：關(guān)系詞（引導(dǎo)詞）指代先行詞；（2）成分作用：關(guān)系詞（引導(dǎo)詞）在從句中必須作成分；三、定語從句的基本用法：關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語，賓語Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在限制性定語從句中做賓語時(shí)，?？梢允÷裕?/p>

3、但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定語I like those books whose topics are about history.that人，物主語，賓語A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語，賓語The book (wh

4、ich) I gave you was worth $10.as人，物主語，賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語引導(dǎo)詞都不能省when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語why原因原因狀語思考：如何選定正確的關(guān)系詞（引導(dǎo)詞） （一）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1who 指人，在定語從句中作主語，有時(shí)也作賓語。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gat

5、e at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門口集合。 分析：先行詞_ ,引導(dǎo)詞who在從句中作_。2.whom 指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷浴r Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。I visited

6、 a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了一個(gè)全國知名的科學(xué)家。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 譯成漢語：_分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like th

7、e book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 自己總結(jié)一下：在定語從句中，whose + 名詞 _ 4.which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。5.that 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。Th

8、e number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 注意：關(guān)系代詞that 與 which 的區(qū)別定語從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人時(shí)可以用who/whom）1. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或者序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本

9、鐘。2. 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little,much等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時(shí)。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. 3.

10、 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我要買的詞典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 4. 當(dāng)先行詞是who,或which引導(dǎo)的主句時(shí)。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5. 當(dāng)先行詞為

11、人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.思考：什么時(shí)候只能which 而不能用that呢？1.在_ 中；2.在_ 之后。(二) 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。?？梢杂胕n/on/at which代替。I still remember the day when I first came to this sch

12、ool.分析：先行詞_ 引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived.你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？翻譯：_ 2.where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。?？捎胕n/on/at which代替。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。注意：當(dāng)先行詞是situation, occasion, point（地步，程度），case（情況，例子），position（職位，位置），scene（場景）等表示抽象“地

13、點(diǎn)”的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，若定語從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語時(shí)應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which, that來引導(dǎo)；若從句中缺少地點(diǎn)作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尷尬）. He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him.Have you met with the case which is similar to this one ?即學(xué)即練： Measure must be

14、 taken to change the situation it is unfavourable to us. Can you think out a situation can agree with what he has said ? He has reached a stage he had to give up smoking. He has reached a stage is important to his whole life.3why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。?？捎胒or which來代替。Please tell me the reason why you miss

15、ed the plane. 請告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 譯成漢語：_ 注意：1) 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如： From the years when (=_) he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時(shí)，他就已經(jīng)知道長大后要做什么。I will never forget the m

16、oment when (=_) the blind students moved us. Great changes are taking place in the city where (=_) they live. 他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。2) 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞來作先行詞時(shí)，定語從句可用關(guān)系代詞也可用關(guān)系副詞，具體需根據(jù)從句所缺成分。I will never forget the days _ we climb

17、ed the mountain together.I will never forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live.We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live in.This is the reason _ he was unhappy. This is the reason _ he explained at the meeting.即學(xué)即練：There seems to be nothing seems impossible fo

18、r him in the world.He prefers the apples comes from his parentsfarm.I have read all the books you give me.This is the best film has been shown this month.The pancakes you had for breakfast were made of corn.This is the only newspaper I read in the morning.From the time he was little, he had known wh

19、at he wanted to be when he grew up.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearing.Shanghai is the place I was born.we all know the reason he is so sad today.(三) 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could de

20、pend on. China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很嚴(yán)格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held eve

21、ry year.注意：在非限制性定語從句中，有時(shí)which所指代的先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子。Xiao Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her.He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us.歸納總結(jié)：區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式與主句之間不用逗號隔開與主句之間有逗號隔開功能對先行詞進(jìn)行限定、修飾。如果省去從句部分剩余部分意義便不完整、不明確對先行詞作附加說明。去掉后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明確。先行詞名詞、代詞或名詞詞組名詞、名詞詞組或整個(gè)主句引導(dǎo)詞所有關(guān)系詞除that 和 why之

22、外的關(guān)系詞翻譯先譯從句再譯先行詞主句從句分別翻譯即學(xué)即練：用正確關(guān)系詞填空并翻譯下列句子We are studying the business English, is very useful for us in the future.I hate the hotel I lived.The man was bit by my dog was bit by my dog today againAs a child, Jack studied in a village school, is named after his grandfather.Because of the financial

23、crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising.(四)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very fam

24、ous. 他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked.我們將去聽那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager _ I work pays much

25、attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。注意：1)含有介詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤)2)若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指

26、物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that; 關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)3)根據(jù)表意需要“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：He loves his parents deeply, of whom are very kind to

27、 him.（父母都對他好） In the basket there are quite many apples, have gone bad.（其中的一些已經(jīng)壞了）There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, are about country life.（其中三個(gè)是關(guān)于鄉(xiāng)村生活的） 4）介詞的確定：（1）根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞或形容詞確定介詞，其動(dòng)詞或介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語。例如：The man wi

28、th whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)（2）根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。例如：Ill never forget the day on which (=when) I joined the army.（3）表示“所屬”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，用of。The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.（4）根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞不