Bacterial Cell StructureAfter learning this section,you should 1.Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements,size,and cell structures Table 3.1 Common Bacterial Structures and Their FunctionsPlasma membrane Selectively permeable barrier,mechanical boundary of cell,nutrient and waste transport,location of many metabolic processes(respiration,photosynthesis),detection of environmental cues for chemotaxisGas vacucle An inclusion that provides buoyancy for floating in aquatic environmentsRibosomes Protein synthesisInclusions Storage of carbon,phosphate,and other substancesNucleoid Localization of genetic material(DNA)In typical Gram-negative bacteria,contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins for nutrient processing and uptake;in typical Gram-positive bacteria,may be smaller or absentCell wall Protection from osmotic stress helps maintain cell shapeCapsules and slime layers Resistance to phagocytosis,adherence to surfacesFimbriae and pili Attachment to surfaces,bacterial conjugation and transformation,twitching and gliding motility Flagella Swimming and swarming motilityEndospore Survival under harsh environmental conditionsA WORD LIST1.bacterial細(xì)菌的細(xì)菌的2.bacterium細(xì)菌（單數(shù)）細(xì)菌（單數(shù)）3.Plasmamembrane，cellmembrane細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜4.cellenvelope細(xì)胞被膜細(xì)胞被膜5.Cytoplasm細(xì)胞質(zhì)細(xì)胞質(zhì)6.Permeablebarrier滲透屏障滲透屏障7.metabolicprocesses代謝過(guò)程代謝過(guò)程8.Respiration呼吸作用呼吸作用9.Photosynthesis光合作用光合作用10.Chemotaxis趨化作用趨化作用11.osmoticstress滲透壓力滲透壓力12.Periplasmicspace周質(zhì)空間周質(zhì)空間13.Gram-negativebacteria革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌14.Gram-positivebacteria革蘭氏陽(yáng)性細(xì)菌革蘭氏陽(yáng)性細(xì)菌15.Capsule莢膜莢膜A WORD LIST16.slimelayer黏液層黏液層17.Organelle細(xì)胞器細(xì)胞器18.Nucleoid擬核擬核19.geneticmaterial遺傳物質(zhì)遺傳物質(zhì)20.Ribosome核糖體核糖體21.Inclusion內(nèi)含物內(nèi)含物22.Carbon碳碳23.phosphate磷磷24.Flagellaflagellum鞭毛（復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)）鞭毛（復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)）25.Fimbriae菌毛菌毛26.Pili性毛性毛27.Endospore芽孢芽孢